Natural Cardiovascular Protectants: A Pharmacological Perspective

Abstract

Cardio vascular disease is a very dangerous disease it is related to heart. According to WHO guide for 17.9 million people die annually from Cardio vascular disease, a guesstimated 32% of the death in world, 85% were due to heart failure and embolic stroke. Phytochemicals are useful in lowering cardiovascular risks, especially for lowering blood cholesterol, lowering obesity-related factors, controlling blood sugar and the consequences of type 2 diabetes, controlling oxidative stress factors and inflammation, and pre venting platelet aggregation. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of global mortality, necessitating the exploration of safer and more effective therapeutic strategies. The analyzed review articles collectively emphasize the growing importance of herbal and natural-product-based interventions in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disorders. These studies highlight that phytochemicals such as flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, saponins, and plant sterols exhibit multifaceted cardioprotective effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anti-atherosclerotic, antiplatelet, and lipid-lowering activities. Medicinal plants such as Panax ginseng, Ginkgo biloba, Ganoderma lucidum, Salvia miltiorrhiza and have demonstrated significant modulation of key molecular pathways, including nitric oxide synthesis, ACE inhibition, NF-κB signalling, calcium channel regulation, and oxidative stress reduction. The reviews further discuss the role of herbal drugs as complementary or alternative therapies alongside conventional cardiovascular medicines, highlighting improved patient tolerance and reduced adverse effects.