Engineering Clinical Pharmacy Practice: Integration of Artificial Intelligence, IoT, and Precision Therapeutics

Abstract

The rapid advancement of engineering technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and precision therapeutics has significantly transformed clinical pharmacy practice. These innovations enable data-driven decision-making, real-time patient monitoring, and personalized treatment strategies. AI facilitates predictive analytics and clinical decision support, while IoT enables continuous health monitoring and medication adherence tracking. Precision therapeutics further enhances individualized treatment based on genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. This review highlights the integration of these technologies in clinical pharmacy, their applications, benefits, challenges, and future directions. The convergence of these technologies offers a paradigm shift toward patient-centered, efficient, and proactive pharmaceutical care.